Recently an article about Hungarian SMEs by Magdolna Sass has been published in the Journal Post-Communist Economies with the title: Internationalisation of innovative SMEs in the Hungarian medical precision instruments industry. It is based on the research done by IKU's KKVENT project.
Recently an article about Hungarian SMEs by Magdolna Sass has been published in the Journal Post-Communist Economies with the title: Internationalisation of innovative SMEs in the Hungarian medical precision instruments industry. It is based on the research done by IKU's KKVENT project.
An economic downturn boosts demand for fiscal rebalancing. It can come either in the form of increased revenues or as spending cuts. Extra revenues can be generated in two major ways: 1) increasing traditional forms of taxes or 2) hitherto unknown, or unorthodox revenue raising, special taxes and levies. Latter was especially dominant in the case of Hungary.
Pension costs are a considerable expenditure of every government and are not sustainable in their present form. The crisis has brought it to attention ? but arguably not to the degree it would necessitate. Structural changes to the pension systems are thus rare and hard to come by. Most countries have started minor changes in the system, adjusted their pension ages, indexed the pension age to life expectancy or pension payments to pension contribution (defined contribution plans ?
Resume: The economic and political crisis of 2008-2010 has had an unexpected impact by calling into question the success of the third wave of democratization in Europe.
2 августа 2011
Ласло Лендьел
Государства ЦВЕ: конец иллюзий о золотом веке
Ласло Лендьел – генеральный директор Института финансовых исследований (Будапешт, Венгрия).
Резюме: Возможно, скоро мы будем вспоминать период до 2012 г. как последний относительно длительный мирный период, в течение которого вооруженные силы преимущественно сокращали, боевые ракеты в основном демонтировали, а отношения России с соседними странами скорее «оттаивали». И когда восточноевропейские страны являлись не фронтовой полосой, а мирной и уютной территорией.
Financial Research Working Papers, July 2011
The article was published in Global Affairs:
The Last Peaceful Days? - Central and Eastern Europe: The End of Illusions about the Golden Age (in Russian: Последние мирные дни?) In: Global Affairs, July-August, 2011 (pp 102-115)
Download: http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/The-Last-Peaceful-Days-15326
Keywords?Eastern Europe, Russia, International Relations, Economic Crisis
According to economic arguments, the monopolized enterprise structure inherited from the planned economy acts as an obstacle of market competition, so many of the big, artificially created state-owned firms have to be broken up. The state, through the Economic Competition Office as ?guardian? of competition, has to play an active role in this process. The logic is clear, but it was a matter of dispute both theoretically and in practice. The article presents the theoretical dilemmas of demonopolization that appeared during transformation. It shows the attempts to resolve them through competition regulation and the decisions of the Competition Office. The author concludes that the main role in building up competitive market structure was not played by the Competition Office, which declined the task to revise the inherited structure and to oppose several privatization decisions, considering these issues economically and politically sensitive. On the other hand, most mergers and takeovers connected with privatization were simply permitted not in contradiction with the law but sometimes by inconsistent reasoning.
Közgazdasági Szemle ? Economic Review, LI. évf., 2004. January pp.1 - 23.
International co-authorship is generally thought and often found to have positive effects on the citation rate of scientific publications. We study the effect quantitatively in the example of four major and four medium Hungarian universities. The conclusions may be generalized to other countries of similar international status.
